Rasm2
The command-line assembler and disassembler that is part of the radare2 framework. It supports a wide range of architectures and can be used independently of the main radare2 tool. Key features include:
- Multi-architecture support: Can handle numerous architectures including x86, x86-64, ARM, MIPS, PowerPC, SPARC, and many others.
- Bi-directional operation: Functions as both an assembler (converting human-readable assembly code to machine code) and a disassembler (converting machine code back to assembly).
- Flexible input/output: Accepts input as hexadecimal strings, raw binary files, or text files containing assembly code.
- Shellcode generation: Useful for security research and exploit development.
- Inline assembly: Allows for quick assembly of individual instructions or small code snippets.
- Syntax highlighting: Provides colored output for better readability when disassembling.
- Plugins: Supports architecture-specific plugins for extended functionality.
Help
$ rasm2 -h
Usage: rasm2 [-ACdDehLBvw] [-a arch] [-b bits] [-o addr] [-s syntax]
[-f file] [-F fil:ter] [-i skip] [-l len] 'code'|hex|0101b|-
-a [arch] set architecture to assemble/disassemble (see -L)
-A show Analysis information from given hexpairs
-b [bits] set cpu register size (8, 16, 32, 64) (RASM2_BITS)
-B binary input/output (-l is mandatory for binary input)
-c [cpu] select specific CPU (depends on arch)
-C output in C format
-d, -D disassemble from hexpair bytes (-D show hexpairs)
-e use big endian instead of little endian
-E display ESIL expression (same input as in -d)
-f [file] read data from file
-F [in:out] specify input and/or output filters (att2intel, x86.pseudo, ...)
-h, -hh show this help, -hh for long
-i [len] ignore/skip N bytes of the input buffer
-j output in json format
-k [kernel] select operating system (linux, windows, darwin, ..)
-l [len] input/Output length
-L list RAsm plugins: (a=asm, d=disasm, A=analyze, e=ESIL)
-LL list RAnal plugins (see anal.arch=?) combines with -j
-o,-@ [addr] set start address for code (default 0)
-O [file] output file name (rasm2 -Bf a.asm -O a)
-N same as r2 -N (or R2_NOPLUGINS) (not load any plugin)
-p run SPP over input for assembly
-q quiet mode
-r output in radare commands
-s [syntax] select syntax (intel, att)
-v show version information
-x use hex dwords instead of hex pairs when assembling.
-w what's this instruction for? describe opcode
If '-l' value is greater than output length, output is padded with nops
If the last argument is '-' reads from stdin
Environment:
R2_NOPLUGINS do not load shared plugins (speedup loading)
R2_LOG_LEVEL=X change the log level
R2_DEBUG if defined, show error messages and crash signal
R2_DEBUG_ASSERT=1 lldb -- r2 to get proper backtrace of the runtime assert
RASM2_ARCH same as rasm2 -a
RASM2_BITS same as rasm2 -b
Plugins
Plugins for supported target architectures can be listed with the -L option. Knowing a plugin name, you can use it by specifying its name to the -a option
$ rasm2 -L
_dAe 8 16 6502 LGPL3 6502/NES/C64/Tamagotchi/T-1000 CPU
_dAe 8 8051 PD 8051 Intel CPU
_dA_ 16 32 arc GPL3 Argonaut RISC Core
a___ 16 32 64 arm.as LGPL3 as ARM Assembler (use ARM_AS environment)
adAe 16 32 64 arm BSD Capstone ARM disassembler
_dA_ 16 32 64 arm.gnu GPL3 Acorn RISC Machine CPU
_d__ 16 32 arm.winedbg LGPL2 WineDBG's ARM disassembler
adAe 8 16 avr GPL AVR Atmel
adAe 16 32 64 bf LGPL3 Brainfuck (by pancake, nibble) v4.0.0
_dA_ 32 chip8 LGPL3 Chip8 disassembler
_dA_ 16 cr16 LGPL3 cr16 disassembly plugin
_dA_ 32 cris GPL3 Axis Communications 32-bit embedded processor
adA_ 32 64 dalvik LGPL3 AndroidVM Dalvik
ad__ 16 dcpu16 PD Mojang's DCPU-16
_dA_ 32 64 ebc LGPL3 EFI Bytecode
adAe 16 gb LGPL3 GameBoy(TM) (z80-like)
_dAe 16 h8300 LGPL3 H8/300 disassembly plugin
_dAe 32 hexagon LGPL3 Qualcomm Hexagon (QDSP6) V6
_d__ 32 hppa GPL3 HP PA-RISC
_dAe i4004 LGPL3 Intel 4004 microprocessor
_dA_ 8 i8080 BSD Intel 8080 CPU
adA_ 32 java Apache Java bytecode
_d__ 32 lanai GPL3 LANAI
_d__ 8 lh5801 LGPL3 SHARP LH5801 disassembler
_d__ 32 lm32 BSD disassembly plugin for Lattice Micro 32 ISA
_dA_ 16 32 m68k BSD Capstone M68K disassembler
_dA_ 32 malbolge LGPL3 Malbolge Ternary VM
_d__ 16 mcs96 LGPL3 condrets car
adAe 16 32 64 mips BSD Capstone MIPS disassembler
adAe 32 64 mips.gnu GPL3 MIPS CPU
_dA_ 16 msp430 LGPL3 msp430 disassembly plugin
_dA_ 32 nios2 GPL3 NIOS II Embedded Processor
_dAe 8 pic LGPL3 PIC disassembler
_dAe 32 64 ppc BSD Capstone PowerPC disassembler
_dA_ 32 64 ppc.gnu GPL3 PowerPC
_d__ 32 propeller LGPL3 propeller disassembly plugin
_dA_ 32 64 riscv GPL RISC-V
_dAe 32 rsp LGPL3 Reality Signal Processor
_dAe 32 sh GPL3 SuperH-4 CPU
_dA_ 8 16 snes LGPL3 SuperNES CPU
_dAe 32 64 sparc BSD Capstone SPARC disassembler
_dA_ 32 64 sparc.gnu GPL3 Scalable Processor Architecture
_d__ 16 spc700 LGPL3 spc700, snes' sound-chip
_d__ 32 sysz BSD SystemZ CPU disassembler
_dA_ 32 tms320 LGPLv3 TMS320 DSP family (c54x,c55x,c55x+,c64x)
_d__ 32 tricore GPL3 Siemens TriCore CPU
_dAe 32 v810 LGPL3 v810 disassembly plugin
_dAe 32 v850 LGPL3 v850 disassembly plugin
_dAe 8 32 vax GPL VAX
adA_ 32 wasm MIT WebAssembly (by cgvwzq) v0.1.0
_dA_ 32 ws LGPL3 Whitespace esotheric VM
a___ 16 32 64 x86.as LGPL3 Intel X86 GNU Assembler
_dAe 16 32 64 x86 BSD Capstone X86 disassembler
a___ 16 32 64 x86.nasm LGPL3 X86 nasm assembler
a___ 16 32 64 x86.nz LGPL3 x86 handmade assembler
_dA_ 16 xap PD XAP4 RISC (CSR)
_dA_ 32 xcore BSD Capstone XCore disassembler
_dAe 32 xtensa GPL3 XTensa CPU
adA_ 8 z80 GPL Zilog Z80
NOTE the "ad" in the first column means both assembler and disassembler are offered by a corresponding plugin. "d" indicates disassembler, "a" means only assembler is available.